🌅 Bala Kanda

Sarga 11

29 shlokas

BK-11-1Bala Kanda 11.1

भूय एव हि राजेन्द्र शृणु मे वचनं हितम्। यथा स देवप्रवर: कथायामेवमब्रवीत्।।1.11.1।।

bhūya eva hi rājendra śṛṇu me vacanṃ hitam| yathā sa devapravara: kathāyāmevamabravīt||1.11.1||

Translation

राजेन्द्र O Great king, स: that Sanatkumara, देवप्रवर: great among celestial beings, यथा in what so ever manner, कथायाम् in the story, अब्रवीत् narrated, एवम् in this way, मे my, हितम् beneficial, वचनम् words, भूय: एव again, शृणु listen.

Meaning

"Great king, I shall tell you the way Sanatkumara, great among the celestials further narrated the story. Listen to my words which may prove useful to you (said Sumantra)".

BK-11-2Bala Kanda 11.2

इक्ष्वाकूणां कुले जातो भविष्यति सुधार्मिक:। राजा दशरथो नाम्ना श्रीमान्सत्यप्रतिश्रव:।।1.11.2।।

ikṣvākūṇāṃ kule jāto bhaviṣyati sudhārmika:| rājā daśaratho nāmnā śrīmānsatyapratiśrava:||1.11.2||

Translation

श्रीमान् auspicious one, सत्यप्रतिश्रव: true to his promise, राजा king, दशरथो नाम्ना named Dasaratha, सुधार्मिक: highly righteous, इक्ष्वाकूणाम् of Ikshvaku kings', कुले in the race, जात: भविष्यति will be born indeed.

BK-11-3Bala Kanda 11.3

अङ्गराजेन सख्यं च तस्य राज्ञो भविष्यति। कन्या चास्य महाभागा शान्ता नाम भविष्यति।।1.11.3।।

aṅgarājena sakhyṃ ca tasya rājño bhaviṣyati| kanyā cāsya mahābhāgā śāntā nāma bhaviṣyati||1.11.3||

Translation

तस्य राज्ञ: to that king (Dasaratha), अङ्गराजेन with the king of Anga, सख्यं च friendship, भविष्यति will develop, अस्य for that king of Anga, महाभागा highly virtuous, शान्ता नाम named Shanta, कन्या daughter, भविष्यति will be born.

Meaning

That king (Dasaratha) will develop friendship with the king of Anga. A highly virtuous daughter named Santa will be born to king of Anga.

BK-11-4Bala Kanda 11.4

पुत्रस्तु सोऽङ्गराजस्य रोमपाद इति श्रुत:। तं स राजा दशरथो गमिष्यति महायशा:।।1.11.4।।

putrastu so'ṅgarājasya romapāda iti śruta:| tṃ sa rājā daśaratho gamiṣyati mahāyaśā:||1.11.4||

Translation

स:अङ्गराज्यस्य पुत्रस्तु that Anga king's son, रोमपाद इति Romapada by name, श्रुत:will be wellknown, महायशा: very famous, स: that, राजा king (Dasaratha), तम् him, गमिष्यति will approach.

Meaning

The famous king Dasaratha will approach the son of the king of Anga known as Romapada.

BK-11-5Bala Kanda 11.5

अनपत्योऽस्मि धर्मात्मन् शान्ताभर्ता मम क्रतुम्। आहरेत त्वयाज्ञप्तस्सन्तानार्थं कुलस्य च।।1.11.5।।

anapatyo'smi dharmātman śāntābhartā mama kratum| āhareta tvayājñaptassantānārthṃ kulasya ca||1.11.5||

Translation

धर्मात्मन् O Follower of righteousness, अनपत्य: अस्मि I am without children, शान्ताभर्ता husband of Shanta, त्वया by you, आज्ञप्त: ordered, मम my, कुलस्य of race, सन्तानार्थम् for the sake of children (for perpetuation of my race), क्रतुम् sacrifice, आहरेत he may perform.

Meaning

O righteous king I am issueless. Let Rsyasringa, husband of Santa be ordered to perform the a sacrificial ceremony so that I shall be blessed with I son for the perpetuaion of my race.

BK-11-6Bala Kanda 11.6

श्रुत्वा राज्ञोऽथ तद्वाक्यं मनसा स विचिन्त्य च। प्रदास्यते पुत्रवन्तं शान्ताभर्तारमात्मवान्।।1.11.6।।

śrutvā rājño'tha tadvākyṃ manasā sa vicintya ca| pradāsyate putravantṃ śāntābhartāramātmavān||1.11.6||

Translation

आत्मवान् prudent and wise, राज्ञ: king's, तद्वाक्यम् that statement, श्रुत्वा having heard, अथ thereafter, स: he, मनसा विचिन्त्य च after thinking over deeply in the mind, पुत्रवन्तम् him who has sons, शान्ताभर्तारम् husband of Shanta, प्रदास्यते will offer.

Meaning

On hearing his words and deeply thinking over the matter, the prudent Romapada agreed to send, Santa's husband (Rsyasringa), capable of blessing him with a son.

BK-11-7Bala Kanda 11.7

प्रतिगृह्य च तं विप्रं स राजा विगतज्वर:। आहरिष्यति तं यज्ञं प्रहृष्टेनान्तरात्मना।।1.11.7।।

pratigṛhya ca tṃ viprṃ sa rājā vigatajvara:| āhariṣyati tṃ yajñṃ prahṛṣṭenāntarātmanā||1.11.7||

Translation

स: राजा that king, तं विप्रम् that brahmin, प्रतिगृह्य च having received (along with him), विगतज्वर: relieved of his mental suffering, प्रहृष्टेन with highly delighted, अन्तरात्मना heart, तं यज्ञम् that sacrifice, आहरिष्यति will perform.

Meaning

The king relieved of his suffering, was highly delighted. He would take the brahmin with him and perform the sacrificial ritual.

BK-11-8-9Bala Kanda 11.8–9 (युग्मम्)

तं च राजा दशरथो यष्टुकाम: कृताञ्जलि:। ऋश्यशृङ्गं द्विजश्रेष्ठं वरयिष्यति धर्मवित्।। 1.11.8।। यज्ञार्थं प्रसवार्थं च स्वर्गार्थं च नरेश्वर:। लभते च स तं कामं द्विजमुख्याद्विशांपति:।।1.11.9।।

tṃ ca rājā daśaratho yaṣṭukāma: kṛtāñjali:| ṛśyaśṛṅgṃ dvijaśreṣṭhṃ varayiṣyati dharmavit|| 1.11.8|| yajñārthṃ prasavārthṃ ca svargārthṃ ca nareśvara:| labhate ca sa tṃ kāmṃ dvijamukhyādviśāṃpati:||1.11.9||

Translation

यष्टुकाम: desirous of performing sacrifice, धर्मवित् knower of dharma, नरेश्वर: lord of the people, दशरथ:राजा king Dasaratha, कृताञ्जलि: with folded palms, द्विजश्रेष्ठम् best among brahmins, ऋष्यशृङ्गम् Rsyasringa, यज्ञार्थम् for the sake of sacrifice, प्रसवार्थं च in order to obtain children, स्वर्गार्थं च to attain heaven, वरयिष्यति will choose him, स: विशांपति: lord of the people, द्विजमुख्यात् from that prominent brahmin, तं कामम् those desires, लभते च will get.

Meaning

King Dasaratha, lord of the people, and knower of dharma and truth, desirous of performing the sacrifice would ask Rsyasringa, with folded palms for granting a boon to perform a sacrifice in order to obtain children and to attain heaven. The king will get those desires fulfilled through that chief brahmin.

BK-11-10Bala Kanda 11.10

पुत्राश्चास्य भविष्यन्ति चत्वारोऽमितविक्रमा:। वंशप्रतिष्ठानकरास्सर्वलोकेषु विश्रुता:।।1.11.10।।

putrāścāsya bhaviṣyanti catvāro'mitavikramā:| vṃśapratiṣṭhānakarāssarvalokeṣu viśrutā:||1.11.10||

Translation

अस्य to him, अमितविक्रमा: men of immense prowess, वंशप्रतिष्ठानकरा: bringing glory and fame to their dynasty, सर्वलोकेषु in all the worlds, विश्रुता: renowned, चत्वार: four, पुत्रा: sons, भविष्यन्ति will be born.

Meaning

Four sons of immense prowess would be born to him bringing glory and fame to their dynasty. They would be renowned in all the worlds.

BK-11-11Bala Kanda 11.11

एवं स देवप्रवर: पूर्वं कथितवान्कथाम्। सनत्कुमारो भगवान्पुरा देवयुगे प्रभु:।।1.11.11।।

evṃ sa devapravara: pūrvṃ kathitavānkathām| sanatkumāro bhagavānpurā devayuge prabhu:||1.11.11||

Translation

देवप्रवर: great among devatas, भगवान् holy, प्रभु: competent, स: that, सनत्कुमार: Sanat kumara, पुरा in the early period of, देवयुगे in Krita yuga, कथाम् this story, एवम् in this way, कथितवान् narrated.

Meaning

In early times of Kritayuga, this story was narrated by the holy and competent Sanatkumara, the great one among the devatas".

BK-11-12Bala Kanda 11.12

स त्वं पुरुषशार्दूल तमानय सुसत्कृतम्। स्वयमेव महाराज गत्वा सबलवाहन:।।1.11.12।।

sa tvṃ puruṣaśārdūla tamānaya susatkṛtam| svayameva mahārāja gatvā sabalavāhana:||1.11.12||

Translation

पुरुषशार्दूल greatest among men, महाराज O King, स: त्वम् such a man you are, सबलवाहन: along with his foreces and vehicles, स्वयमेव personally, गत्वा having gone, सुसत्कृतम् wellhonoured, तम् him, आनय bring.

Meaning

"Greatest among men, O king, along with vehicles and retinue, you may go and bring him (Rsyasringa) personally with due respect".

BK-11-13Bala Kanda 11.13

अनुमान्य वसिष्ठं च सूतवाक्यं निशम्य च। सान्त:पुरस्सहामात्य: प्रययौ यत्र स द्विज:।।1.11.13।।

anumānya vasiṣṭhṃ ca sūtavākyṃ niśamya ca| sānta:purassahāmātya: prayayau yatra sa dvija:||1.11.13||

Translation

सूतवाक्यम् the charioteer's (Sumantra's) words, निशम्य having heard, वसिष्ठं च अनुमान्य obtaining the consent of Vasishta, सान्त:पुर: accompanied by queens, सहामात्य: along with courtiers, स:द्विज: that brahmin, यत्र to the place where he resided, प्रययौ departed.

Meaning

Having heard the charioteer's words and having obtained the consent of Vasishta, he along with his queens and courtiers departed to the place where the brahmin (Rsyasringa) resided.

BK-11-14Bala Kanda 11.14

वनानि सरितश्चैव व्यतिक्रम्य शनैश्शनै:। अभिचक्राम तं देशं यत्र वै मुनिपुङ्गव:।।1.11.14।।

vanāni saritaścaiva vyatikramya śanaiśśanai:| abhicakrāma tṃ deśṃ yatra vai munipuṅgava:||1.11.14||

Translation

शनै: शनै: slowly and slowly, वनानि forests, सरितश्चैव rivers, व्यतिक्रम्य crossing, मुनिपुङ्गव: foremost of ascetics, यत्र where he was, तं देशम् that place, अभिचक्राम reached.

Meaning

Crossing forests and rivers slowly, the king reached the place where that foremost of ascetics lived.

BK-11-15Bala Kanda 11.15

आसाद्य तं द्विजश्रेष्ठं रोमपादसमीपगम्। ऋषिपुत्रं ददर्शादौ दीप्यमानमिवानलम्।।1.11.15।।

āsādya tṃ dvijaśreṣṭhṃ romapādasamīpagam| ṛṣiputrṃ dadarśādau dīpyamānamivānalam||1.11.15||

Translation

आसाद्य having reached, रोमपादसमीपगम् seated beside king Romapada, दीप्यमानम् glowing, अनलमिव like fire, द्विजश्रेष्ठम् best of brahmins, तं ऋषिपुत्रम् that son of sage, आदौ in the begining, ददर्श beheld.

Meaning

He reached the spot and saw the son of the ascetic, the best of brahmins glowing like fire seated next to Romapada.

BK-11-16Bala Kanda 11.16

ततो राजा यथान्यायं पूजां चक्रे विशेषत:। सखित्वात्तस्य वै राज्ञ: प्रहृष्टेनान्तरात्मना।।1.11.16।।

tato rājā yathānyāyṃ pūjāṃ cakre viśeṣata:| sakhitvāttasya vai rājña: prahṛṣṭenāntarātmanā||1.11.16||

Translation

तत: then, राजा king Romapada, प्रहृष्टेन with delight, अन्तरात्मना in the heart, यथान्यायम् as per tradition, सखित्वात् due to friendship, विशेषत: specially, तस्य of that, राज्ञ: king Dasaratha, पूजाम् respectful salutations, चक्रे offered.

Meaning

Then the king (Romapada), delighted at heart out of friendship with the king (Dasaratha), offered special hospitality with respectful salutations in accordance with propriety.

BK-11-17Bala Kanda 11.17

रोमपादेन चाख्यातमृषिपुत्राय धीमते। सख्यं सम्बन्धकं चैव तदा तं प्रत्यपूजयत्।।1.11.17।।

romapādena cākhyātamṛṣiputrāya dhīmate| sakhyṃ sambandhakṃ caiva tadā tṃ pratyapūjayat||1.11.17||

Translation

रोमपादेन by Romapada, सख्यम् friendship, सम्बन्धकं चैव relationship, धीमते to the intellectual, ऋषिपुत्राय son of the sage, आख्यातम् narrated, तदा then, तम् him (Romapada), प्रत्यपूजयत् in return felicitatetd.

Meaning

Romapada explained his friendship and relationship with him (Dasaratha). Rsyasringa of great intellect in return felicitated Dasaratha.

BK-11-18Bala Kanda 11.18

एवं सुसत्कृतस्तेन सहोषित्वा नरर्षभ:। सप्ताष्टदिवसान्राजा राजानमिदमब्रवीत्।।1.11.18।।

evṃ susatkṛtastena sahoṣitvā nararṣabha:| saptāṣṭadivasānrājā rājānamidamabravīt||1.11.18||

Translation

एवम् in this manner, सुसत्कृत: wellhonoured, नरर्षभ: the great among men, राजा king Dasaratha, तेन सह along with him, सप्ताष्ट seven or eight, दिवसान् days, उषित्वा having dwelt, राजानम् addressing Romapada, इदम् these words, अब्रवीत् spoke.

Meaning

In this manner, the great among men, the king wellhonoured by Romapada, spent seven or eight days there.And then spoke this to Romapada:

BK-11-19Bala Kanda 11.19

शान्ता तव सुता राजन् सह भर्त्रा विशांपते। मदीयनगरं यातु कार्यं हि महदुद्यतम्।।1.11.19।।

śāntā tava sutā rājan saha bhartrā viśāṃpate| madīyanagarṃ yātu kāryṃ hi mahadudyatam||1.11.19||

Translation

विशांपते O Lord of people, राजन् king, तव सुता your daughter, शान्ता Shanta, सह भर्त्रा along with her husband, मदीयनगरम् to my city, यातु let her go, महत् important, कार्यम् religious rite, उद्यतम् is planned.

Meaning

O lord of people, O king, It has been decided to commence an important sacrificial rite. You may send your daughter Santa along with her husband to my city.

BK-11-20Bala Kanda 11.20

तथेति राजा संश्रुत्य गमनं तस्य धीमत:। उवाच वचनं विप्रं गच्छ त्वं सह भार्यया।।1.11.20।।

tatheti rājā sṃśrutya gamanṃ tasya dhīmata:| uvāca vacanṃ viprṃ gaccha tvṃ saha bhāryayā||1.11.20||

Translation

राजा king, तथा इति be it so, धीमत: of the wise man, तस्य गमनम् for his departure, संश्रुत्य having agreed, त्वम् you, भार्यया सह along with your wife, गच्छ please go, विप्रम् brahmin, वचनम् words, उवाच spoke.

Meaning

Having agreed to the departure of the sage Romapada said, 'Be pleased to go (to Ayodhya) together with your wife'.

BK-11-21Bala Kanda 11.21

ऋषिपुत्र: प्रतिश्रुत्य तथेत्याह नृपं तदा। स नृपेणाभ्यनुज्ञात: प्रययौ सह भार्यया।।1.11.21।।

ṛṣiputra: pratiśrutya tathetyāha nṛpṃ tadā| sa nṛpeṇābhyanujñāta: prayayau saha bhāryayā||1.11.21||

Translation

तदा then, ऋषिपुत्र: son of sage, प्रतिश्रुत्य having assented, नृपम् the king, तथा इति so it shall be done, आह said, नृपेण by king, अभ्यनुज्ञात: having been permitted, भार्यया सह along with his wife, प्रययौ departed.

Meaning

The son of the sage assented to the king's command saying 'So be it'. And permitted by him, departed along with wife (for Ayodhya).

BK-11-22Bala Kanda 11.22

तावन्योन्याञ्जलिं कृत्वा स्नेहात्संश्लिष्य चोरसा। ननन्दतुर्दशरथो रोमपादश्च वीर्यवान्।।1.11.22।।

tāvanyonyāñjaliṃ kṛtvā snehātsṃśliṣya corasā| nanandaturdaśaratho romapādaśca vīryavān||1.11.22||

Translation

तौ both, दशरथ: Dasaratha, वीर्यवान् valiant, रोमपादश्च and Romapada, अन्योन्याञ्जलिम् each other wishing with folded palms, कृत्वा having done, स्नेहात् with friendship, उरसा heart to heart, संश्लिष्य embracing each other, ननन्दतु: were pleased.

Meaning

Dasaratha and Romapada, pleased with this, wished each other with folded palms and hugged each other with love.

BK-11-23Bala Kanda 11.23

ततस्सुहृदमापृच्छ्य प्रस्थितो रघुनन्दन:। पौरेभ्य: प्रेषयामास दूतान्वै शीघ्रगामिन:।।1.11.23।।

tatassuhṛdamāpṛcchya prasthito raghunandana:| paurebhya: preṣayāmāsa dūtānvai śīghragāmina:||1.11.23||

Translation

तत: then, रघुनन्दन: Dasaratha, सुहृदम् friend, आपृच्छ्य having taken leave, प्रस्थित: set out, शीघ्रगामिन: swiftly going, दूतान् messengers, पौरेभ्य: to the citizens, प्रेषयामास despatched.

Meaning

Then king Dasaratha, took leave of his friend and set out. He despatched swiftfooted messengers to the citizens with the command.

BK-11-24Bala Kanda 11.24

क्रियतां नगरं सर्वं क्षिप्रमेव स्वलङ्कृतम्। धूपितं सिक्तसम्मृष्टं पताकाभिरलङ्कृतम्।।1.11.24।।

kriyatāṃ nagarṃ sarvṃ kṣiprameva svalaṅkṛtam| dhūpitṃ siktasammṛṣṭṃ patākābhiralaṅkṛtam||1.11.24||

Translation

सर्वम् the entire, नगरम् city, क्षिप्रमेव immediately, स्वलङ्कृतम् well decorated, धूपितम् perfumed, सिक्तसम्मृष्टम् sprinkled with water and cleaned, पताकाभि: with flags, अलङ्कृतम् decorated, क्रियताम् let it be done.

Meaning

"Let the entire city be welldecorated, perfumed, sprinkled with water and cleaned with flags hoisted."

BK-11-25Bala Kanda 11.25

तत: प्रहृष्टा: पौरास्ते श्रुत्वा राजानमागतम्। तथा प्रचक्रुस्तत्सर्वं राज्ञा यत्प्रेषितं तदा ।।1.11.25।।

tata: prahṛṣṭā: paurāste śrutvā rājānamāgatam| tathā pracakrustatsarvṃ rājñā yatpreṣitṃ tadā ||1.11.25||

Translation

तत: then, ते पौरा: the people of Ayodhya, राजानम् the king, आगतम् arrival, श्रुत्वा having heard, प्रहृष्टा: overjoyed, राज्ञा by king, यत् यथा as per, प्रेषितम् sent, तत् सर्वम् all that, तथा in the same manner, प्रचक्रु: fulfilled.

Meaning

The people of the city having heard the king's arrival were overjoyed. They did everything as by the king.

BK-11-26Bala Kanda 11.26

ततस्स्वलङ्कृतं राजा नगरं प्रविवेश ह। शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिर्घोषै: पुरस्कृत्य द्विजर्षभम्।।1.11.26।।

tatassvalaṅkṛtṃ rājā nagarṃ praviveśa ha| śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣai: puraskṛtya dvijarṣabham||1.11.26||

Translation

तत: then, राजा king, द्विजर्षभम् foremost of brahmins, पुरस्कृत्य keeping in the forefront, स्वलङ्कृतम् welldecorated, तत् that, नगरम् city, शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिर्घोषै: with conches blowing and drums beating, प्रविवेश ह entered.

Meaning

Then the king entered that welldecorated city amidst blares of conches and the beating of drums, with the best of the brahmins (Rsyasringa) in the forefront.

BK-11-27Bala Kanda 11.27

तत: प्रमुदितास्सर्वे दृष्ट्वा तं नागरा द्विजम्। प्रवेश्यमानं सत्कृत्य नरेन्द्रेणेन्द्रकर्मणा।।1.11.27।।

tata: pramuditāssarve dṛṣṭvā tṃ nāgarā dvijam| praveśyamānṃ satkṛtya narendreṇendrakarmaṇā||1.11.27||

Translation

तत: then, सर्वे नागरा: all citizens, इन्द्रकर्मणां equivalent to Indra in valiant, नरेन्द्रेण by that king, सत्कृत्य having been honoured, प्रवेश्यमानम् entering, तम् that, द्विजम् brahmin, दृष्ट्वा after seeing, प्रमुदिता: were delighted.

Meaning

The citizens were delighted to behold that brahmin entering the city duly honoured by the king who was equivalent to Indra in valiance৷৷

BK-11-28Bala Kanda 11.28

अन्त:पुरं प्रवेश्यैनं पूजां कृत्वा च शास्त्रत:। कृतकृत्यं तदात्मानं मेने तस्योपवाहनात्।।1.11.28।।

anta:purṃ praveśyainṃ pūjāṃ kṛtvā ca śāstrata:| kṛtakṛtyṃ tadātmānṃ mene tasyopavāhanāt||1.11.28||

Translation

एनम् Rsyasringa, अन्त:पुरं प्रवेश्य having taken him to the inner apartment, शास्त्रत: traditionally as enjoined by the scriptures, पूजां welcome, कृत्वा having made, तदा then, तस्य उपवाहनात् for bringing him here, आत्मानम् himself, कृतकृत्यम् has accomplished his object, मेने thought.

Meaning

He (king Dasaratha) took him in to the inner apartment and extended welcome. He thought that he has as enjoined by the sastras accomplished his objective by bringing him (Rsyasringa).

BK-11-29Bala Kanda 11.29

अन्त:पुरस्त्रियस्सर्वाश्शान्तां दृष्ट्वा तथागताम्। सह भर्त्रा विशालाक्षीं प्रीत्यानन्दमुपागमन्।।1.11.29।।

anta:purastriyassarvāśśāntāṃ dṛṣṭvā tathāgatām| saha bhartrā viśālākṣīṃ prītyānandamupāgaman||1.11.29||

Translation

अन्त:पुर स्त्रिय: royal ladies, सर्वा: all, तथा in that manner, भर्त्रा सह along with her husband, आगताम् arrived, विशालाक्षीम् wideeyed lady, शान्ताम् Shanta, दृष्ट्वा having seen, प्रीत्या affectionately, आनन्दम् delight, उपागमन् experienced.

Meaning

All the royal ladies, experienced immense delight when they saw the largeeyed Shanta arriving along with her husband in that manner.

BK-11-30Bala Kanda 11.30

पूज्यमाना च ताभिस्सा राज्ञा चैव विशेषत:। उवास तत्र सुखिता कञ्चित्कालं सहर्त्विजा।।1.11.30।।

pūjyamānā ca tābhissā rājñā caiva viśeṣata:| uvāsa tatra sukhitā kañcitkālṃ sahartvijā||1.11.30||

Translation

सा she, ताभि: with them, विशेषत: especially, राज्ञा चैव with the king, पूज्यमाना honoured and worshipped, सुखिता comforted, ऋत्विजा सह along with sage Rsyasringa, कञ्चित् कालम् for some time, तत्र there, उवास dwelt.

Meaning

Honoured and worshipped by royal ladies, especially by king Dasaratha, Santa dwelt there for some time comfortably with the sage. इत्यार्षे श्रीमद्रामायणे वाल्मीकीय आदिकाव्ये बालकाण्डे एकादशस्सर्ग:।। Thus ends the eleventh sarga of Balakanda of the holy Ramayana the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

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